In Brief

• Functional Safety (FuSa), governed by ISO 26262, is a systematic engineering approach to ensuring safety in automotive systems, particularly critical for the complex software-driven digital cockpit.
• Acsia leverages its deep expertise in FuSa to assist automakers in designing robust cockpits that mitigate risks associated with system malfunctions and ensure driver and passenger safety.
• This article delves into the technical intricacies of FuSa, focusing on hazard analysis, risk assessment, safety concept development, and verification and validation processes within the digital cockpit context.

The proliferation of software in modern vehicles, especially within the digital cockpit, has revolutionized the driving experience. However, this increased complexity also amplifies the potential for hazardous malfunctions. Functional Safety (FuSa), a systematic engineering approach governed by the ISO 26262 standard, is the cornerstone of ensuring that these systems operate reliably and safely, even in the face of failures.

Understanding FuSa in the Digital Cockpit

FuSa is fundamentally about risk management. It aims to identify, assess, and mitigate risks arising from potential failures within electronic and electrical (E/E) systems. In the context of the digital cockpit, this involves scrutinizing various software components, their interactions, and their potential impact on vehicle safety.

Consider the following examples of safety-critical functions within the digital cockpit:

• Instrument Cluster: Displays vital vehicle information like speed, warnings, and vehicle status. Malfunctions could lead to misinterpretation, incorrect driver actions, or even accidents.
• Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Features like lane departure warnings, adaptive cruise control, and emergency braking rely on accurate sensor data and reliable software processing. Errors in these systems could compromise driver safety.
• Navigation Systems: Incorrect or delayed navigation information could misdirect the driver into hazardous situations.

ISO 26262: The Framework for Functional Safety

ISO 26262 is a comprehensive standard that provides a structured approach to FuSa throughout the entire lifecycle of automotive E/E systems. It outlines a V-model development process, which includes:

1. Concept Phase: Defining the item’s scope, identifying potential hazards through Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA), and determining Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) for each hazardous event based on severity, exposure, and controllability.
2. System Level: Developing a functional safety concept that defines the safety goals and technical safety requirements for the system. This includes specifying safety mechanisms like redundancy, diagnostics, and fault tolerance.
3. Hardware and Software Level: Translating the safety requirements into specific design and implementation details for both hardware and software components. This involves considering factors like failure modes, effects, and diagnostic coverage.
4. Integration and Testing: Verifying and validating that the implemented system meets the defined safety goals and technical safety requirements. This involves a combination of simulation, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing, and real-world vehicle tests.

Designing Safety into the Digital Cockpit

A FuSa-compliant digital cockpit is designed with safety as a core principle. This involves several key strategies:

• Redundancy: Critical functions are backed up by redundant systems, ensuring that even if a primary system fails, the vehicle can continue to operate safely.
• Diversity: Different technologies or implementation approaches are used for redundant systems to minimize the risk of common-cause failures.
• Monitoring and Diagnostics: The cockpit constantly monitors its own health, detecting and isolating faults, and initiating appropriate safety measures.
• Fail-Operational Systems: In some cases, the system may be designed to continue operating with reduced functionality even in the presence of a fault, providing a safe state until repairs can be made.

Acsia: Your Partner in Functional Safety

Acsia understands the critical importance of FuSa in digital cockpits. We leverage our extensive experience in automotive safety to assist automakers in every stage of FuSa implementation:

• Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA): We conduct thorough HARA to identify and evaluate potential hazards, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of safety risks.
• Safety Concept Development: We collaborate with you to define safety goals and develop robust safety concepts that meet or exceed ISO 26262 requirements.
• Verification and Validation: We offer comprehensive testing and validation services to ensure your digital cockpit system complies with functional safety standards and operates reliably under all conditions.

By embedding Functional Safety into every stage of development, automakers can create digital cockpits that balance innovation with reliability — delivering advanced user experiences while ensuring the highest standards of safety for drivers and passengers alike, with Acsia as a trusted partner in the journey.